FastFacts: RADIOBIOLOGY PDF Print E-mail
WHOLE ORGAN RADIATION TISSUE TOLERANCES (Emami 1991)
Organ TD 5/5 TD 50/5 Endpoint
Bladder 5500 8000 contracture

Brachial Plexus

6000

7500

plexopathy

Brain 4500 6000 necrosis
Brainstem 5000 6500 necrosis

Cauda Equina

6000

7500

plexopathy

Ear     otitis
Esophagus 5500 6800 stricture

Femoral Head

5200

6500

necrosis

Heart 4000 5000 pericarditis

Kidney

2300

2800

nephritis

Larynx

7000

8000

edema

Lens

1000

1800

cataracts

Liver

3000

4000

hepatitis

Lung

1750

2450

pneumonitis

Optic Chiasm

5000

6500

blindness

Optic Nerve

5000

6500

blindness

Parotid

3200

4600

xerostomia

Rectum

6000

8000

proctitis

Retina

4500

6500

blindness

Spinal Cord 10 cm

5000

7000

myelitis

Small Intestine

4000

5500

perforation

Stomach

5000

6500

ulceration

Thyroid

4500

8000

thyroiditis



 

RTOG TOXICITY CRITERIA

Toxicity Grade0 Grade1 Grade2 Grade3 Grade4
SKIN No change over baseline Follicular, faint or dull erythema/epilation/dry desquamation decreased sweating Tender or bright erythema,patchy moist desquamation/moderate edema Confluent moist desquamation other than skin folds, pitting edema Ulceration, hemorrhage, necrosis
MUCOUS MEMBRANE No change over baseline Injection/may experience mild pain not requiring analgesic Patchy mucositis which may produce an inflammatory serosanguinous discharge/may experience moderate pain requiring analgesia Confluent fibrinous mucositis/may include severe pain requiring narcotic Ulceration, hemorrhage, or necrosis
EYE No change Mild conjunctivitis with or without scleral injection/increased tearing Moderate conjunctivitis with or without keratitis requiring steroids and/or antibiotics/dry eye requiring artificial tears/iritis with photophobia Severe keratitis with corneal ulceration/objective decrease in visual acuity or in visual fields/acute glaucoma/panopthalmitis Loss of vision (unilateral or bilateral)
EAR No change over baseline Mild external otitis with erythema, pruritis, 2* to dry desquamation not requiring medication. Audiogram unchanged from baseline Moderate external otitis requiring topical medication/serous otitis medius/hypoacusis on testing only Severe external otitis with discharge or moist desquamation, symptomatic hypoacusis/tinnitus not drug related Deafness
SALIVARY GLAND No change over baseline Mild mouth dryness/slightly thickened saliva/may have slightly altered taste such as metallic taste/these changes not reflected in alteration in baseline feeding behaviour, such as increased use of liquids with meals Moderate to complete dryness/thick, sticky saliva/markedly altered taste ------------------ Acute salivary gland necrosis
PHARYNX & ESOPHAGUS No change over baseline Mild dysphagia or odynophagia/may require topical anesthetic or non narcotic analgesics/may require soft diet Moderate dysphagia or odynophagia/may require narcotic analgesics/may require puree or liquid diet Severe dysphagia or odynophagia with dehydration or weight loss > 15% from pretreatment baseline) requiring NG feeding tube, IV fluids, or hyperalimentation Complete obstruction, ulceration, perforation, fistula
LARYNX No change over baseline Mild or intermittent hoarseness/cough not requiring antitussive erythema of mucosa Persistent hoarseness but able to vocalise/referred car pain, sore throat, patchy fibrinous exudate or mild arytenoid edema not requiring narcotictcough requiring antitussive Whispered speech, throat pain, or referred car pain requiring narcotic/confluent fibrinous exudate, marked arytenoid edema Marked dyspnea, stridor or hemoptysis with tracheostomy or intubation necessary
UPPER GI No change Anorexia with <-5% weight loss from pretreatment baseline/nausea not requiring antiemetics abdominal discomfort not requiring parasympatholytic drugs or analgesics Anorexia with <- 15% weight loss from pretreatment baseline/nausea and/or vomiting requiring antiemetics abdominal pain requiring analgesics Anorexia with > 15% weight loss from pretreatment baseline or requiring NG tube or parenteral support. Nausea and/or vomiting requiring tube or parenteral support/ abdominal pain, severe despite meds/hematemesis or melena/abdominal distension (flat plate radiograph shows distended bowel loops) lleus subacute or acute obstruction, perforation, GI bleeding requiring transfusion/ abdominal pain requiring tube decompression or bowel diversion
LOWER GI INCLUDING PELVIS No change Increased frequency or change in quality of bowel habits not requiring medication/rectal discomfort not requiring analgesics Diarrhoea requiring parasympatholytic drugs (e.g. Lomotil)/mucous discharge not necessitating sanitary pads/rectal or abdominal pain requiring analgesics Diarrhoea requiring parenteral support/severe mucous or blood discharge necessitating sanitary padstabdominal distension (flat plate radiograph demonstrated distended bowel loops) Acute or subacute obstruction, fistula or perforation; GI bleeding requiring transfusion; abdominal pain or tenesmus requiring tube decompression or bowel diversion
LUNG No change Mild Symptoms of dry cough or dyspnea on exertion Persistent cough requiring narcotic, antitussive agents/dyspnea with minimal effort but not at rest Severe cough unresponsive to narcotic antitussive agent or dyspnea at rest/clinical or radiologic evidence of acute pneumonitis/intermiittent oxygen or steroids may be required Severe respiratory insufficiency/continuous oxygen or assisted ventilation
GENIT0 URINARY No change Frequency of urination or nocturia twice pretreatment habit/dysuria, urgency not requiring medication Frequency of urination of nocturia which is less frequent than every hour. Dysuria urgency, bladder spasm requiring local anesthetic (e.g. Pyridium) Frequency with urgency and nocturia hourly or more frequently/dysuria, pelvis pain or bladder spasm requiring regular, frequent narcoticlgross hematuria with/without clot passage Hematuria requiring transfusion/ acute bladder obstruction not secondary to clot passage, ulceration or necrosis
HEART No change over baseline Asymptomatic but objective evidence of ECG changes or pericardial abnormalities without evidence of other heart disease Symptomatic with ECG changes and radiologic findings of congestive heart failure or pericardial disease/no specific treatment required Congestive heart failure, angina pectoris, pericardial disease responding to therapy Congestive heart failure, angina pectoris, pericardial disease, arrhythmias not responsive to non surgical measurements
CNS No change Fully functional status (i.e. able to work) with minor neurologic findings, no medication needed Neurologic findings present sufficient to require home care/nursing assistance may be required/ medications including steroids/anti-seizure agents may be required Neurologic findings. requiring hospitalisation for initial management Serious neurologic impairment which includes paralysis, coma or seizures >3 per week despite medication/ hospitalisation required
HEMATOLOGIC WBC (X 1000) > 4.0 3.0-<4.0 2.0-4*.0 1.0-<2.0 < 1.0
PLATELETS (X 10 3 /cu mm3 > 100 75-<100 50-<73 25-<50 <25 or spontaneous bleeding
NEUTROPHILS (X 1000) -> 1.9 1.3-<1.9 1.0-<1.5 0.5-<1.0 <0.5 or sepsis
HEMOGLOBIN (GM %) >11 11-9.5 <9.5-7.5 <7.5-5.0 ---
HEMATOCRIT (%) ->32 28-<32 <28 Packed cell transfusion required ---